Describing your columns

Clear::Model#column

Clear offers a column macro:

column method_name : Type, [primary: bool], [converter: "any_string"], 
    [column_name: "any_string"], [presence: bool]

The arguments action is defined as below:

Argument name	Description

primary	Whether this column should be setup as primary key or not. Only one primary key per model is permitted. Primary key are necessary for handling relations and some features (e.g default sorting) Default: false

converter	Use a specific data converter between Clear and PostgreSQL to handle this column. <b></b> Default: Will lookup for the converter related to the type of the column; primitives and commons type are already mapped, while complex type and structures must be mapped manually. See the section about converters for more information.

column_name	In the case the column name is different from the field in Clear (e.g. the name is a reserved keyword in Crystal Lang), you might want to change it here. Default: Same name between the column in PostgreSQL and the property in your model

presence	Enable of disable the presence check done on validation and insertion of the model in the database. When your column has a default value setup by PostgreSQL (like a serial type), you want to setup presence to false. Default: true unless the type is nilable.

Clear use a column assignation system which provide safeguard against NilException while keeping possibility to fetch semi-fetched model. For example, you may want to fetch only the first_name and last_name of a User through the database:

User.query.select("first_name, last_name").each do |usr|
  puts "User: #{usr.first_name} #{usr.last_name}"
end

But what if by mistake your code call a non fetched field ?

User.query.select("first_name, last_name").each do |usr|
  # This will throw an exception !
  puts "User: #{usr.id}"
end

Name	Description
xxx_column.changed?	Return true	false whether the column as changed since the last database fetch
xxx_column.has_db_default?	Return true if the presence check is set to false
xxx_column.name	Return the name of the field in the database.
xxx_column.old_value	In case of change, return the previous value, before the change
xxx_column.revert	Return the column to it's initial state; changed flag is set to false and value become old_value
xxx_column.clear	The column become in non-present state (e.g. wasn't fetched)
xxx_column.defined?	Return true if the column has a value, false otherwise
xxx_column.value	Return the column value. Raise an error if the column is in a non-present state. Equivalent to self.xxx
xxx_column.value(default)	Return the current column value, OR default if the column is in a non-present state

Column types Clear already map different types of column from PostgreSQL to Crystal:

Crystal	PostgreSQL
String	text
UUID	uuid
Bool	boolean
Int8	byte
Int16	short
Int32	int, serial
Int64	bigint, bigserial
Array(Type)	type[] (note: type can be of any primitives above)
BigDecimal	numeric
JSON::Any	jsonb
Time	timestamp without time zone

Using BigDecimal (in Model) and Numeric (in Migrations)

BigDecimal (in .cr) is mapped to Numeric (in pg) in migration columns (i.e. declaring column data type as "bigdecimal" would be equal to the column being declared with type "numeric", if you wish to specify precision, and scale, please use "numeric(precision, scale)" or "numeric(precision)" (with scale defaulting to 0), instead of "bigdecimal")

Please take note that PostgreSQL will throw a numeric field overflow (and in Clear: Clear::SQl::Error) if you INSERT into the database a BigDecimal/ numeric value with the integer part (to the left of the radix point) of a size that is bigger than the precision that is specified in the numeric type that you declare. This can be seen from the following example taken from specs:

  class Data
    include Clear::Model

    column id : Int32, primary: true, presence: false
    column num3 : BigDecimal?
    column num4 : BigDecimal?
  end

  class ModelSpecMigration123
    include Clear::Migration

    def change(dir)
      create_table(:model_spec_data) do |t|
        t.column "num3", "numeric(9)"
        t.column "num4", "numeric(8)"
      end
    end
end

data = Data.new
big_number = BigDecimal.new(BigInt.new("-1029387192083710928371092837019283701982370918237".to_big_i), 40) # this is the same as "-102938719.2083710928371092837019283701982370918237"

The following case would not throw an error

data.num3 = big_number
data.save!

However this case would throw an error

data.num4 = big_number
data.save!